Shawarar ta fito ne daga Matt Cutull, mataimakin farfesa na kimiyyar ciyawa a Cibiyar Bincike da Ilimi ta Clemson.Cutulle da sauran masu binciken aikin gona sun gabatar da dabarun "haɗe-haɗen sarrafa ciyawa" a wani taron bita na baya-bayan nan a Cibiyar Taro na Clemson Madron da Student Organic Farm.
Cutulle ya ce ciyawa na gogayya da amfanin gona don samar da abinci mai gina jiki na ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da asarar dala biliyan 32 a duk shekara.Ingantacciyar kula da ciyawa tana farawa lokacin da masu noman suka lura da lokacin da babu ciyawa, lokaci mai mahimmanci a lokacin girma lokacin da ciyawa ke haifar da asarar amfanin gona mafi yawa, in ji shi.
"Wannan lokacin na iya bambanta sosai dangane da amfanin gona, yadda ake girma (iri ko dasawa), da kuma nau'in ciyawa da ke akwai," in ji Cutulle."Lokacin maɓalli na rashin ciyawa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya zai kasance makonni shida, amma kuma, wannan na iya bambanta dangane da amfanin gona da ciyawa da ke akwai."
Muhimmin Lokacin Kyautar ciyawa wuri ne a lokacin girma lokacin da kiyaye amfanin gona ba tare da ciyawa ba yana da mahimmanci ga masu noman don haɓaka yuwuwar amfanin gona.Bayan wannan lokaci mai mahimmanci, masu shuka ya kamata su mai da hankali kan hana shuka iri.Manoma za su iya yin haka ta hanyar barin iri su yi fure sannan su kashe su, ko kuma su hana shuka su jira tsaban su mutu ko kuma dabbobi masu cin iri su cinye su.
Hanya ɗaya ita ce ƙasa mai solarization, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da zafin da rana ke haifarwa don shawo kan kwari da ke haifar da ƙasa.Ana samun hakan ne ta hanyar lulluɓe ƙasa da tsaftataccen kwandon filastik a lokacin zafi lokacin da ƙasa za ta kasance cikin hasken rana kai tsaye har zuwa makonni shida.Tafarfin filastik yana dumama saman saman ƙasa 12 zuwa 18 lokacin farin ciki kuma yana kashe kwari iri-iri da suka haɗa da ciyawa, ƙwayoyin cuta, nematodes da kwari.
Har ila yau, zubar da ƙasa yana iya inganta lafiyar ƙasa ta hanyar hanzarta bazuwar kwayoyin halitta da kuma ƙara yawan iskar nitrogen da sauran abubuwan gina jiki ga tsire-tsire masu girma, da kuma ta hanyar amfani da canza al'ummomin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa (kwayoyin cuta da fungi waɗanda ke shafar lafiyar ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe akan lafiyar shuka). .
Disinsection ƙasa anaerobic madadin da ba sinadarai ba ga amfani da fumigants kuma za a iya amfani da su sarrafa fadi da kewayon kasa-haifi pathogens da nematodes.Wannan tsari ne mai matakai uku wanda ya ƙunshi ƙara tushen carbon zuwa ƙasa wanda ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa masu amfani.Sannan ana shayar da ƙasa zuwa jikewa kuma a rufe shi da mulch ɗin filastik na makonni da yawa.A lokacin deworming, iskar oxygen a cikin ƙasa yana raguwa kuma samfurori masu guba suna kashe cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙasa.
Yin amfani da amfanin gona na rufewa a farkon kakar wasa don murkushe ciyawa na iya taimakawa, amma kisa shine mabuɗin, in ji Jeff Zender, darektan shirye-shiryen Clemson na aikin gona mai dorewa.
Zender ya ce "Masu noman kayan lambu gabaɗaya ba sa shuka amfanin gona saboda al'amuran gudanarwa, gami da lokacin da ya fi dacewa don shuka amfanin gona don ingantaccen yanayin halitta," in ji Zender.“Idan ba ka yi shuka a lokacin da ya dace ba, mai yiwuwa ba za ka iya samun isasshen kwayoyin halitta ba, don haka idan ka nade shi, ba zai yi tasiri wajen danne ciyawa ba.Lokaci yana da mahimmanci."
Mafi kyawun amfanin gona na rufewa sun haɗa da Crimson Clover, Rye hunturu, sha'ir hunturu, sha'ir bazara, hatsin bazara, buckwheat, gero, hemp, hatsi baƙar fata, vetch, Peas da alkama na hunturu.
Akwai ciyawa da yawa na kawar da ciyawa a kasuwa a yau.Don bayani kan sarrafa ciyawa ta hanyar shukawa da ciyawa, duba Clemson Home and Garden Information Center 1253 da/ko HGIC 1604.
Cutulle da sauransu a Clemson Coastal REC, tare da masu bincike a gonar Clemson's organic farm, suna nazarin wasu dabarun magance ciyawa, ciki har da yin amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa don daskare ciyawa kafin a kashe su da kuma mirgina amfanin gona tare da abin nadi.Tsara ƙarancin zafin ciyawar ciyawa.
"Manoma suna buƙatar fahimtar ciyawa - ganewa, ilmin halitta, da dai sauransu - don haka za su iya sarrafa gonakin su kuma su guje wa matsalolin ciyawa a cikin amfanin gonakin su," in ji shi.
Manoma da lambu za su iya gano ciyawa ta amfani da ID na Clemson Weed da gidan yanar gizon Biology wanda mataimakin Lab Coastal REC Marcellus Washington ya kirkira.
Clemson News shine tushen labarai da labarai game da ƙirƙira, bincike da nasarar dangin Clemson.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-16-2023